Russia has emerged as a mediator between long-standing rivals United States and Iran as both nations clash over Tehran’s nuclear program.

With Washington threatening military strikes if Iran doesn’t halt its nuclear activities, Tehran insists on negotiations without compromising sovereignty. Russian President Vladimir Putin aims to prevent a potential conflict that could ignite Middle East further.

President Donald Trump has intensified his “maximum pressure” campaign, demanding Iran completely stop uranium enrichment. In contrast, Iran’s Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi declared Tehran will not compromise on its nuclear program, emphasizing its peaceful intent.

Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei remains skeptical of US intentions, rejecting direct talks and accusing Washington of inconsistent messaging.

On April 11, 2025, both sides met indirectly in Muscat, Oman, for a six-hour discussion mediated by Oman. US Special Envoy Steve Witkoff led American delegation while Iran’s Deputy Foreign Minister Ali Bagheri headed Tehran’s team. Despite constructive dialogue, no breakthrough emerged. Iran later confirmed second round of talks scheduled for April 19 in Rome, rejecting direct negotiations.

Moscow, a long-time ally of Tehran, actively seeks to de-escalate tensions. On April 16, Russia reiterated its commitment to facilitating dialogue, leveraging its ties with both nations.

Kremlin believes diplomatic solutions can prevent conflict, with spokesperson Dmitry Peskov emphasizing Iran’s right to peaceful nuclear energy under international law. Moscow’s mediation could bring balance to stalled negotiations, though analysts remain cautious about prospects for agreement.

Israel, wary of Iran’s nuclear ambitions, planned strikes on Tehran’s facilities to delay its program by up to 18 months, seeking US support.

However, Trump, focused on diplomacy, declined to back such attacks, prioritizing talks to avoid new Middle East conflict. New York Times reported Trump’s reluctance to escalate, despite Israel’s Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu pushing for aggressive action.

Washington has increased military presence in region, targeting Iran-backed groups like Houthis in Yemen, while avoiding direct confrontation with Tehran. Analysts suggest US aims to resolve nuclear issue through pressure and dialogue, sidestepping Israel-led strikes that could spiral into broader war.

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Tensions remain high after last year’s exchanges of missile strikes between Israel and Iran-backed groups, including Hezbollah, Houthis, and Hamas. Iran’s missile capabilities overwhelmed US and Israeli air defenses, raising stakes. With both sides holding firm—US demanding complete nuclear shutdown and Iran defending its enrichment rights—talks in Rome face slim chances of success.

If negotiations collapse, analysts fear renewed conflict could engulf Middle East, destabilizing region further. International community watches closely as Russia’s mediation efforts strive to avert war and bring stability.

Sources: Reuters, New York Times, Al Jazeera